Journal: Cell
Article Title: RalB GTPase-mediated activation of the IkappaB family kinase TBK1 couples innate immune signaling to tumor cell survival.
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.034
Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. RalB and Sec5 Are Required for Host Defense Pathway Activation (A) RalGTPases are activated in response to TLR3 signaling. HBECs were treated with poly(I:C) (100 mg/ml) for the indicated time points (0, 5, 10, 15 min). GST-Sec5rbd was used to immobilize endogenous GTP-bound RalA and RalB. Phospho-IRF-3 (Ser396) from whole-cell lysates (WCL) is shown to indicate responsiveness to poly (I:C). (B) RasGTPases are inactivated in response to TLR3 signaling. HBECs were treated as in (A). GST-Raf1rbd was used to immobilize endogenous GTP-bound Ras. (C) RalB is activated in response to Sendai virus infection. HBECs were exposed to Sendai virus (100 HA/ml) for the indicated times and assessed for RalB activation as in (A). (D) RalB and Sec5 are required for IRF-3 but not p65 responsiveness to TLR3 activation. HBECs were cotransfected with a plasmid expressing GFP together with the indicated siRNAs. This method delivers RNA and DNA into a small subset of the population, which can be monitored by GFP expression and allows observation of potentially defective responses within a background of appropriately responding cells. Seventy-two hours
Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: mouse monoclonal anti-RalA and rabbit polyclonal anti-RalB (BD, Transduction Laboratories); rabbit polyclonal ERK1/2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology); rabbit polyclonal anti-Sec5, mouse monoclonal anti-Sec6; rabbit polyclonal anti-Sec10, rabbit polyclonal anti-Exo84 (Moskalenko et al., 2002, 2003); rabbit polyclonal anti-IRF-3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology); rabbit polyclonal anti-phospho-IRF-3 (Ser396) (Upstate); and mouse monoclonal anti-TBK1/NAK (Imgenex), mouse monoclonal anti-Ras (BD), and rabbit polyclonal anti-GFP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
Techniques: Activation Assay, Virus, Infection, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing